Influential Characters in The Trial and The Stranger :: essays research papers

Influential Characters 'The Trial' and 'The Stranger': How one character can influence the life of another character. The Trial and The Stranger were both critically acclaimed since their published debut, though the books have their many differences they both deal with imprisoned lives going against society. In both novels K and Meursault had characters that influenced them in a negative and positive way, although none these characters had as much influence as the religious figure (the priests) did in both novels. However the priests in each novel influenced the protagonists differently. In The Stranger the chaplain is sent to Meursault before he is faced with his death sentence to have him repent for his sins and change his religious beliefs, in other words, covert him to Christianity. However Meursault stands strong and tells him that he has nothing to repent, for he has not sinned. He does not belief in God and he believes that he is already receiving his punishment, there is no afterlife or higher judgment in Meursaults? beliefs. The chaplain is able to change Meursault?s mind, when he mentions ?how even the hardest of criminals stare at something at one pointing their lives and imagine a divine face in it? (Stranger, p.121). Although Meursault does not see a divine face he sees the face of Marie. This marks the turning point of Meursault?s life, for he starts to care for life something he has never done before. He is now aggravated to know that is going to die and cannot accept that which explains his rage with the priest. Camus? creates characters such as Meursault and the chaplain to contrast each other. Meursault represents an outsider and shows how life is, society does not accept those who do not act as expected even if it means that they would have to bend the truth or hurt others in the process. The idea that Meursault does not care of his death sentence, as he shows little or no emotion of his mother?s death or of Marie proposing matrimony to him was of course is completely against the rules and ethics of society. Consequently he creates the chaplain to show Meursault how society expects him to behave, implementing the chaplain in the novel demonstrates how society acts upon those who do not meet the expected behaviors by society, it tries to change or covert them to the norms of society.

Health Priorities in Australia Essay

1. Using measures of epidemiology, investigate the health status of Australians. Health status is a holistic concept that is determined by more than the presence or absence of any disease. It is often summarised by life expectancy or self-assessed health status, and more broadly includes measures of functioning, physical illness, and mental wellbeing. Epidemiology is the study of disease in groups or populations through the collection of data and information, to identify patterns and causes. The measures of epidemiology are: Mortality- refers to the number of deaths in a given population from a particular cause and/or over a period of time. Infant Mortality- refers to the number of infant deaths in the first year of life, per 1,000 live births. Morbidity- is the incidence or level of illness, disease or injury in a given population. Life Expectancy- is the length of time a person can expect to live. More specifically, it refers to the average number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age, based on current death rates. In Australia, the median age of death among the entire population in 2007 was 80.5 years old. In 2011 that statistic had risen to 81.5 years old, an increase of one year to the average life. In both years the leading cause of death among Australians was circulatory diseases (diseases of the heart and blood vessels) and the second leading cause in both years was cancer. Although the percentage of cancer deaths rose from 29.2% proportion of totals deaths to 29.8% and the percentage of circulatory disease deaths dropped from 33.8% of the populations deaths down to 31%. In the past 100 years the infant mortality rate as decreased by 95%, from more than one in ten deaths in the first year of life (100+ deaths per 1000 live births) to one in 200 deaths in the first year of life (5 deaths per 100 live births). This can be attributed to improved health education, public sanitation, improved medical diagnosis and improved support services for parents and new born babies. Most infant mortalities are caused by congenital malformations which are structural or functional anomalies which are present at the birth of a child, preventative causes of this disease are  improving the diet of women through their reproductive years, avoiding exposure to harsh environmental substances and improving vaccinations and health education. Information about the incidence and prevalence of the total population gives a broader perspective on the nation’s health than just the mortality statistics. Australia’s population has a lowering incidence of asthma and rising survival rate of cancer although since 1984 the incidence of five major cancers has risen (Breast, Prostrate, Melanoma, Colorectal and Lung) and a report from SMH in 2008 shows 7.4 million people are overweight or obese and the prevalence of diabetes climbs rapidly, along with these problems the amount of people affected by STI’s has risen to more than 230 per 100,000 people. According to AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare) Australia is one of the healthiest nations in the world although Indigenous Australians lag behind in their health status. Australians live the second longest lives in world, behind Japan. The average Australian citizen will live to be 81.4 years old. And trends indicate that the expectancy of males and females is growing, since 2000 the life expectancy of males has grown from 77.4 years old to 79.7 years old, an increase of 2.3 years. The life expectancy of females since 2000 has grown from 82.6 up to 84.2, an increase of 1.6 years. This increase in the life expectancy of Australian residents indicates that their health is improving, with the help of increased knowledge and improved health services. Taking all of this information into account, using measures of epidemiology, the health status of Australians can be said to be relatively good compared with that of other nations. The improved health services and new discoveries in the health sector along with increased knowledge about health from the population also indicates that the health status of Australians may be improving. 2. Explain how health promotion, based on the Ottawa Charter, reflects social justice principles. Health promotion is a combination of science, medicine, practical skills and beliefs aimed at maintaining and improving the health of all people. The Ottawa Charter for health promotion promotes social justice as it incorporates the idea of giving all members of  the community access to health services and attempts to rule out inequities in differing communities. The Ottawa Charter does this through its five action areas: Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments, Strengthen Community Action, Develop Personal Skills and Reorient Health Services. All five of these action areas provide a building block for health promotions. The four principles of social justice are: Equity, Access, Participation and Rights. The way equity is reflected in health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter is through the action areas Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments and Reorient Health Services as these three areas bring together people onto an equal level and give specific help to those who need it, creating equity in communities. Access is reflected in health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter t hrough the action area Reorient Health Services, as this area of the charter aims to bring together health services, governing bodies and other health professionals in an attempt to give more adequate access to health services to those who need it. Also reflected is Participation, which can be based on the Ottawa Charter action areas through Building Healthy Public Policy, Strengthen Community Action and Develop Personal Skills. This can be known as empowering the communities and bringing the communities the education and information needed to know more about their own health. Lastly, Rights is reflected in health promotion through the action areas Create Supportive Environments and Reorient Health Services as they attempt to give equitable opportunities for good health to all individuals. With these four social justice principles reflected in health promotion, the overall health of Australia can be improved, examples of this include: ‘Quit for you – Quit for two’ which promotes to pregnant women who smoke, who if they ceased their habit would be creating a more equal life for their expectant child and give them the right for an opportunity to good health. Another example would be the ‘Swap it’ campaign which aims at developing personal skills while creating equity through smart food choices. 3. Critically analyse how the action areas of the Ottawa Charter address Australia’s health priorities through ONE health promotion initiative. â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† Campaign by the Cancer Council of Australia was created in 1980 and revolved around Sid the Seagull who gave a constant reminder of the easy ways that the population of Australia would be able to avoid skin cancer; slip on a shirt, slop on sunscreen and slap on a hat. 27 year later the ad was upgraded to include; seek shade and slide on sunnies, thus creating the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† song. The campaign aims to lower the prevalence and incidence of skin cancers in Australia. The action areas of the Ottawa Charter address Australia’s health priorities through this campaign. The action areas are: Building Healthy Public Policy, Create Supportive Environments, Strengthen Community Action, Develop Personal Skills and Reorient Health Services. Building Healthy Public Policy- Policies have been created due to increased awareness attributed to the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† campaign; a commonly known policy would be the â€Å"No Hat, No Play† policy used in schools. This is used by teachers to protect children from skin cancer risks in the playground. Advantages of this would be that children will be increasingly protected and parents are given peace of mind, and no noticeable disadvantages are created by this policy. Create Supportive Environments- A noticeable environment change caused by the increased awareness of skin cancers would the addition of shaded areas to many public places. This creates an environment for the public population that is protected from harmful Ultraviolet sun rays. An advantage of this are that people can be outside but protected from skin cancer risks while a disadvantage would be that most of these shaded areas come at the expense of nature, eg- destruction of trees and/or other natural features. Strengthen Community Action- Two initiatives related to the ‘Slip Slop Slap† would be the introduction of Cancer Centres to many rural areas and the Relay for Life, which is about raising funds for the Cancer Council. These two initiatives can create awareness of skin cancer, while the former can save lives. Only advantages are created by these two initiatives, which are; increased knowledge, funds gained for research and practical use, the ability to detect cancers and save lives. Develop Personal Skills- The campaign of â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slide† uses a jingle to educate the Australian population. The TV ad itself is an educational video, which creates awareness of skin cancers in Australia. This leads to increased knowledge of how to protect yourself and others from skin cancers. An advantage of this is that the Australian public is being educated in their own home by the TV, although a disadvantage is that they do not know that  they are being directly educated. Reorient Health Services- A health service which has become operational due to increased awareness of skin cancers is the Skin Cancer @ Bondi checks, where on the beach at Bondi you can have a skin cancer check. This leads to a safer beach, as beachgoers can be precautious and have a skin cancer check. Advantages of this are that the population can be on the beach and get their skin checked at the same time as well as not have to book into a skin cancer centre for the check. A disadvantage may be that the check may not be a thorough as one performed in a more professional environment. Overall, the introduction of the â€Å"Slip Slop Slap† campaign and the readjustment to â€Å"Slip Slop Slap Seek Slid e† campaign has increased the awareness and knowledge of skin cancers in Australia. The action areas of the Ottawa Charter are relevant to the campaign and Australia’s health priorities.

Geography of the Tropic of Capricorn

Geography of the Tropic of Capricorn The Tropic of Capricorn is an imaginary line of latitude going around the Earth at approximately 23.5 ° south of the equator. It is the southernmost point on Earth where the suns rays can be directly overhead at local noon. It is also one of the five major circles of latitude dividing the Earth (the others are the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere, the equator, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle). Geography  of the Tropic of Capricorn The Tropic of Capricorn is significant to understanding the Earths geography because it marks the southern boundary of tropics. This is the region that extends from the equator south to the Tropic of Capricorn and north to the Tropic of Cancer. Unlike the Tropic of Cancer, which passes through many areas of land in the northern hemisphere, the Tropic of Capricorn passes mainly through water because there is less land for it to cross in the southern hemisphere. However, it does cross through or is near places like Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, Madagascar, and Australia. Naming of the Tropic of Capricorn Around 2,000 years ago, the sun crossed into the constellation of Capricorn at the winter solstice around December 21. This resulted in this line of latitude being named the Tropic of Capricorn. The name Capricorn itself comes from the Latin word caper, meaning goat and was the name given to the constellation. This was then later transferred to the Tropic of Capricorn. It should be noted, however, that because it was named over 2,000 years ago, the specific location of the Tropic of Capricorn today is no longer in the constellation Capricorn. Instead, it is located in the constellation Sagittarius. Significance of the Tropic of Capricorn In addition to being used to aid in dividing the Earth into different parts and marking the southern boundary of the tropics, the Tropic of Capricorn, like the Tropic of Cancer is also significant to the Earths amount of solar insolation and the creation of seasons. Solar insolation is the amount of Earths direct exposure to the suns rays from incoming solar radiation. It varies over the Earths surface based on the amount of direct sunlight hitting the surface and it is mostly when it is directly overhead at the subsolar point which migrates annually between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer based on the Earths axial tilt. When the subsolar point is at the Tropic of Capricorn, it is during the December or winter solstice and is when the southern hemisphere receives the most solar insolation. Thus, it is also when the southern hemispheres summer begins. Furthermore, this is also when the areas at latitudes higher than the Antarctic Circle receive 24 hours of daylight because there is more solar radiation to be deflected south due to the Earths axial tilt.

Modernization Theory And The Dependence Theory Essays

Modernization Theory And The Dependence Theory Essays Modernization Theory And The Dependence Theory Essay Modernization Theory And The Dependence Theory Essay In this twenty-four hours and age the rapid development of the word and the turning assimilation of states can barely neglect to impact the development of new theories which attempt to explicate the relationship between states and the bing inequality between developed states and states of the 3rd universe. Two theories which analyze the development in 3rd universe states are the modernisation theory and the dependance theory. These two theories, while being instead different, still hold several similarities in their positions on the modern universe and relationships between developed and developing states. As Alvin So explained, there are three head and historical necessities which were constructive to the foundation of the modernisation theory of development after the Second World War.First, the United States rose as a superpower.While other Western states, such as Great Britain, France, and Germany, were undermined by World War II, the United States came out of the war stronger so before, and became a universe leader with the executing of the Marshall Plan to retrace Western Europe. [ 2 ] Second, the thought of communist began to travel throughout the world.What was one time the Soviet Union spread its influence to Eastern Europe, China, and Korea.Third, there was the breakdown ofEuropean colonial imperiums in Asia, Africa and Latin America, making legion new nation-states in the Third World.These budding nation-states began seeking for a signifier of development to back up their economic system and to better their political independency. The modernisation theory s rational line of d escent has been traced back to Aristotle. Aristotle foremost recommended that provinces, merely as workss, went through a natural form of growing. Just like Aristotle, Americans in the early Republic assumed that if societies grow in a natural mode, they must besides die. The idea that the patterned advance of human development could be understood and controlled day of the months to the early 19th century, when France and Britain were fighting to convey back their trade imperiums. Since so it has tended to re-emerge at times and topographic points where systems of laterality required account and rationalisation. The modernisation theory looks at the internal factors of a state with the premise that, with assistance, â€Å"traditional† states can be developed in the same manner more developed states have. The modernisation theory attempts to acknowledge the societal variables which cause societal growing and development of societies, and so tries to explicate the societal development. In order for a state to hold a profitable, sophisticated, modern economic system the state must follow a form of development. This is a really systematic theory as it means do one thing and another will go on. In order for this to go on, there need to be requirements for takeoff that will take to takeoff in which will take to mass-consumption ( Mahler 45 ) . A missing constituent of this theory is that the modernisation theory assumes all states will follow the set way to development. There are really legion variables in which will impact a provinces ability to in fact develop. An illustration of this is the fact that Mexico is geographically designed in a manner that will do it to hold a weak economic system due to the comeuppances, woods, and mountains. This makes it so that merely 12 % of the land is cultivable. The fact that there are no major rivers does nt assist either. These issues all aid to doing it slippery for Mexico to develop because it restrains transit, which in bend weakens the possibility of exporting and importing goods in a proficient manner.Another job with the modernisation theory is that it assumes that all provinces have the necessary stipulations to develop. This is non true as many provinces do non hold proper leaders and authorities. The account for this is that if a province is controlled by weak leading, it will in bend influence its ability to develop. For illustration, Saddam Hussein, made it so that his state could non develop because he took all of the wealth for himself. Possibly, if Hussein had spread the wealth throughout his state, this will hol d helped instruction and increased innovation. This could hold made it so that his state developed in a more efficient mode. One policy deduction the modernisation theory suggests is that the 3rd universe states should look up to the developed western states, while the Western states should go through on more modern values, establishments, engineering, and fiscal investing to the Third World states. Another deduction is that in order for the 3rd universes to develop, they should be traveling along the way that the United States has traveled, therefore travel off from the thoughts of communism. ( Reading ) A theory in which is opposed to the Modernization theoretical account which was created mostly as a response to it is the Dependency theory. Dependency theories developed in resistance to the optimistic claims of modernizationtheory which saw the less developed states being able to catch up with the West. They stressed that Western societies had an involvement in keeping their advantaged place in relation to the LDCs and had the fiscal and proficient wherewithal to make so. A assortment of different histories of the relationship between the advanced and less developed provinces evolved within the wide model of dependence theory, runing from the stagnationism and ‘surplus drain theory of Andre Gunder Frank ( which predicted mistakenly that the Third World would be unable to accomplish important degrees ofindustrialization ) , to the more cautious pessimism of those who envisaged a step of growing based on ‘associated dependant dealingss with the West. The major part to dependency theory was doubtless that of Frank, a German economic expert of development who devised and popularized the phrase ‘the development of underdevelopment , depicting what he saw as the deformed and dependent economic systems of the peripheral states-in his nomenclature the ‘satellites of the more advanced ‘metropolises . InCapitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America ( 1969 ) , he argued that the Third World was doomed to stagnancy because the excess it produced was appropriated by the advanced capitalist states, through bureaus such as multinational corporations. Frank himself insisted that growing could merely be achieved by break uping ties with capitalist economy and prosecuting autocentric socialist development schemes. Harmonizing to the dependence theory, the Global North exploits the Global South. One ground for this is that the South is extremely dependent on the wealth of the North ; hence unable to progress themselves because of the barbarous rhythm that so ensues. An illustration of this barbarous rhythm can get down with a state being really hapless and/or economically unstable. They so let a transnational corporation to put up cantonment in one of their metropoliss. This leads to many new occupations for this metropolis, but the people are hired for really hapless rewards. Then the merchandises that are produced get siphoned off by the Global North, in bend forestalling that states â€Å"mass-consumption† abilities which is a generalised manner that the south gets exploited by the North and the transnational corporation comes out doing immense net incomes at the disbursal of despairing people merely seeking to last and willing to work for pennies. The depencde theory has several deductions. First, Promotion of domestic industry and manufactured goods. By enforcing subsidies to protect domestic industries, hapless states can be enabled to sell their ain merchandises instead than merely exporting natural stuffs. Second, Import restrictions. By restricting the importing ofluxury goodsandmanufactured goodsthat can be produced within the state, the state can cut down its loss of capital and resources. Thrid, Forbidding foreign investing. Some authoritiess took stairss to maintain foreign companies and persons from having or runing belongings that draws on the resources of the state. In decision, both theories admit the leading of western states and their presently dominant place in the modern universe, while undeveloped states are characterized by socio-economic and political retardation. At the same clip, the two theories agree that the cooperation between western states and developing states is invariably turning and leads to their integrating. However, it is necessary to underscore that Modernization theory positions such cooperation and integrating as a witting and voluntary act from the portion of developing states, for which modernisation in the western manner is the lone manner to get the better of the bing retardation, while protagonists of Dependency theory argue that such cooperation and integrating is imposed to developing states by more advanced western states, which merely attempt to profit from their cooperation with developing states and their Westernization becomes a manner of the constitution of control over and turning dependance of developing states on developed 1s. Regardless, the bing differences, both theories still raise a really of import job of relationships between developed and developing states and the laterality of western states and western civilisation in the modern universe.

War and The Holocaust essays

War and The Holocaust essays As the old saying goes, there are always two sides to every story. This rings true for war and the Holocaust. There were individuals who were in support of war, albeit their knowledge of its destructive powers, and there were some people who saw its disadvantages through their own eyes, and were therefore vehemently against it. One side saw war and the Holocaust as a positive step towards progress and development, while another side saw unjust destruction and death. Both Bernhardi and Mussolini saw benefits of war for European culture, but Remarque, Monks and Graebe saw, through their own actual experiences, that the benefits acquired through war did not outweigh the disadvantages that it unleashed. In his essay, General Friedrich Von Bernhardi defended the act of war, saying that humankind cannot escape it. He says that, ...the struggle between nations is inevitable... (Bernhardi 177). Furthermore, he says that the development of a country could be, for the most part, attributed to battle. Bernhardi mentions that although war has its setbacks, it is also a creative and purifying power (Bernhardi 177), and a life-giving principle (Bernhardi 178). In addition, Bernhardi admits that war temporarily disturbs industrial life, interrupts quiet economic development...and emphasizes the primitive brutality of man. (Bernhardi 177), but says that war is a need that man has to heed, a biological necessity of the first importance (Bernhardi 177) that cannot be taken away from society. He further upholds his argument by defining the search for peace and the abolishment of war as a journey for the weak and cowardly. According to Bernhardi, ...this desire for peace has rendered most civiliz ed nations anaemic... (Bernhardi 177). Moreover, Bernhardi argues that war has greater benefits. According to Bernhardi, war will furnish...a nation with favourable vital conditions.....

Brief summary abput a case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Brief summary abput a case - Essay Example Therefore, interstate commercial and economic trend can be affected if this ruling failed to be upheld. The congressional federal law had the rationale to regulate any activity that affects interstate economic activity. In this case, the constitutional federal law preempted California state law. SDI, Kaplan and Brunk had filed a case in a district federal court arguing that they had stood to challenge the legality of the search and that their right as stipulated in the fourth Amendments had been violated, (Reilly, 1983, p141). They requested that since the search warrant was vague and overboard then the evidence presented by the IRS agents was inadmissible and should be suppressed, (Reilly, 1983, p141). The district federal court ruled in their favor. The government appealed through the court of Appeal Ninth Circuit. This decision was reversed by the court of appeal. The judges said that there was no evidence that SDI, Kaplan and Brunk made steps maintain the privacy of the items, they had no direct control over the property that was seized as evidence, and they did not have a strong connection with the seized items, (Reilly, 1983, p143). All these were vital requirements for the items to be perceived as private. However, the court acknowledged that they had direct control over both the premises and the entire building. Therefore, there was a certain extent of privacy accorded to them by that virtue alone. However, with regard to their standing to challenge the search, further proceedings were necessary and the decision by the district federal court stood reversed. It was noted that some evidence was admissible while other was not, (Reilly, 1983,

An eassy on HRM in John Lewis (UK Department Store) - employee owned Essay

An eassy on HRM in John Lewis (UK Department Store) - employee owned company - Essay Example Ultimately, whereas the EOB model promotes sustainable operational and financial profitability, its application to other contexts is limited to small-scale businesses since its governance model may come under pressure as the firm expands. Introduction This paper is a study of the general business and HRM of John Lewis Partnership, an employee-owned company and evaluates the various mechanisms of HRM policy and application of JLP in the context of the 4 key functions of HR which include; resourcing the organization, human resource development (HRD), employment relations, in addition to, performance and subsequent remuneration. Additionally, it also considers both the vertical and horizontal integration of JLP’s human resource component with its operations, the benefits and challenges of employee-owned business model, as well as the extent to which it can be applied in other contexts. Overall JLP’s business and HR strategy The John Lewis Partnership’s overall busin ess strategy is partners’ approach; the JLP’s approach to business entails prioritizing its clients and partner’s happiness and welfare which is achieved by placing their interests at the core of its operations (Aston, 2013). In this respect, the wellness of partners is of key importance to the business strategy of the John Lewis Partnership since the partnership believes that it yields many positive gains for the business (The John Lewis Partnership, 2013), which dedicates itself to serving customers with flair and fairness. The John Lewis Partnership’s overall Human Resource strategy, on the other hand, is employee ownership, which top management at JLP believes has a massive positive influence on the wellbeing of partners; in this regard, the John Lewis Partnership takes investing in people and seeing them as the core of the business as a fundamental Human Resource strategy. Employee ownership is built on values such as strong communication, from the b ottom upwards, and thorough consultation, both of which lead to inclusiveness and engagement of the employees in the day-to-day decision-making process at John Lewis Partnership effectively; employee ownership has a multi-plier effect on business gains since employee participation motivates high performance. JLP’s HR policy and practice The human resource is the primary source of competitive advantage to any organization today; all firms can potentially boost both their operational and financial performance through well-structured high performance human resource practices, thus the need to attract, recruit, and retain the best talents. Strategic HR management practices such as recruitment and selection, training and development, as well as performance management are fundamental aspects of John Lewis Partnership’s Human Resource policy and practice. The JLP recruits its human resources through selection and engages in effective talent management through training and dev elopment programs, as per the needs of the partnership. The task of resource recruitment goes beyond merely selecting the best people for the job; organizations must invest in human resources, which are not only valuable and